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On Monday evening I was brought to Zurich airport in handcuffs, in a small metal cage inside a windowless prison van and led all the way to the plane by police. This is after three days and two nights in a Swiss prison cut off from communication with the outside world.

I had come to Switzerland at the invitation of Swiss citizens to talk about justice in Palestine and accountability for the genocide. But shortly before my first scheduled speaking event, I was grabbed off the street by undercover cops, and taken into custody.

I’m thrilled now to be back in Amman with my family. I’ve received so many messages of love and support from far more people than I can individually thank. I want to take this opportunity to express how much these messages of solidarity mean to me and to all of us at The Electronic Intifada.

Can speaking about Palestine really be deemed such a threat that so-called democracies are resorting to naked police-state tactics of this kind? How far will they sink in the service of a genocidal regime?

On a special Electronic Intifada Livestream today, I’ll talk about what I experienced and we’ll discuss the unprecedented levels of repression faced by independent journalism and the Palestine solidarity movement, and what I learned from this experience.

We’ll also talk about the historic scenes as hundreds of thousands of Palestinians defied Israel’s effort to ethnically cleanse them, and joined a joyous procession of return to their homes in the north of Gaza.

Please join me, Nora Barrows-Friedman, Jon Elmer, Tamara Nassar and Asa Winstanley for all this and more!

Ali Abunimah

Thank you for reading, listening to and sharing all our original news and analysis at The Electronic Intifada.

New Muslim Converts 108,000 Hindus to Islam. (Amazing Story)

Former Anti-Islam Politician Became Muslim! How He Accepted Islam! @Hali...

Hindu Terror: Groups and Leaders

 When blasts took place first at the Ajmer Dargah near Jaipur and then at the Mecca Masjid in Hyderabad, the police and the government immediately blamed Pakistani-based terror groups like the Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) and Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (HuJi).

The attacks in Ajmer and Hyderabad took place nearly five months apart in 2007. Three people were killed in the Ajmer attack; another nine died in the Hyderabad explosion. Immediately after them, young Muslims were arrested in Hyderabad for Mecca Masjid blasts.

Three years later, new evidence suggests that the investigating agencies and the government got it all wrong. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) says it believes that radical Hindu groups planned those blasts.

What's led to this new theory is the arrests last week of three men by the Rajasthan Anti-Terror Squad. They were tracked down because they were using SIM cards found in the debris after the attack at Ajmer.

The men arrested are all Hindus, and are believed to be associated to Abhinav Bharat, a Hindu radical group that India confronted for the first time in 2006.

In September 2006, a series of blasts in Malegaon in Maharashtra left 37 people dead and another 25 injured. Almost two years later, Mumbai Police Anti-Terrorism Squad arrested Sadhvi Pragya Thakur on October 10, 2008 and then serving army officer, Lieutenant Colonel S P Purohit, believed to be the leaders of Abhinav Bharat. Their alleged agenda: to target Muslim crowds.

Purohit, in recent interrogation, has allegedly said that a man named Sunil Joshi was behind the Ajmer blast. That's what the Rajasthan police also suspects. Sunil Joshi, who was an RSS pracharak in Madhya Pradesh's Mhow area, had links with Devendra Gupta, the first suspect arrested in the Ajmer Dargah case. Joshi, a resident of Indore, was killed in Dewas in December 2007. The call details of Gupta indicate that both were in touch.

"Colonel Purohit, arrested for Malgaon blast, has confessed that Sunil Joshi had organised the Dargah operation with the help of Devendra Gupta," Rajasthan Home Minister Shanti Dhariwal told the Hindu newspaper on May 2.

The CBI says that in both the Ajmer and Hyderabad blasts, identical explosives were used. Cellphones triggered both bombs.

So in two different cities, Pakistani groups were held responsible, and young Muslims paid the price. Muslims like Ibrahim Junaid, who, along with 25 others, was picked up from the Old City of Hyderabad and accused of terror links. They were reportedly tortured in illegal custody. There was no chargesheet accusing them of links to the Mecca Masjid attack. Instead they were accused of conspiring to wage war against the state, of preparing and playing out CDs of the Gujarat communal riots of 2002 to create communal tension.

Junaid was at that time was a Unani doctor; he was finally acquitted after 2 years.

"Without proof, they arrested our children. They didn't even inform us. We didn't know their whereabouts for 7-8 days," said Arifunnisa, Junaid's mother.

All 26 men were later acquitted but they say the stigma never goes away. Junaid says, "When there is a blast, youth of a particular community are targeted. They are playing with our lives. That happened to me. I lost a year in college. I was not able to do my MD because of this.''

Junaid and some of the other Muslims who were arrested have gone to court seeking compensation.

"We are demanding compensation from the police officers who tortured us. That they should be made to pay compensation from their salary, says Rayeesuddin.

 

CBI chief Ashwani Kumar on Monday said that there was a link between the three alleged hardline Hindutva activists arrested for 2007 blast in Ajmer and the Mecca Masjid, pointing to a network of saffron terror larger than so far believed. 

"There is a link between the Ajmer blast and Mecca Masjid blast," Kumar said on the sidelines of the annual D P Kohli Memorial Lecture on Monday. 

The CBI chief said the Rajasthan police along with their Andhra Pradesh counterparts and the CBI have been working on the links for the last six months. "We are coordinating our efforts. For the time being, we can only say that there is a link. We are hopeful of cracking the case," Kumar added. 

Radical Hindutva formations have already been identified as allegedly responsible for the second terror attack on Malegaon. With investigations suggesting that the Hindutva radicals had the motivation, reach and access to resources that they has so far not been suspected of, police will be looking closely at any sign of their involvement in other unsolved cases of attacks on Muslim targets — like the attack on Jama Masjid in the capital. 

The Maharashtra police have chargesheeted alleged jehadis in the first attack on a Malegaon mosque, but a demand to re-examine the case is very much likely. 

With the CBI breaking its silence over the alleged links between the two cases, Hyderabad-based Muslim groups called upon CBI to not just revisit the Mecca case but also probe the involvement of alleged Hindu terrorists Col P S Purohit and Sadhvi Pragya Singh Thakur who are accused in the 2008 Malegaon bombing. 

According to the agency, links have also been found with the Malegaon blast. Sources said that the links had been established due to the use of the similar modus operandi and explosives. The Rajasthan police informed CBI, which is probing the Mecca case, about the arrest last week of three accused — Devender Gupta, Vishnu Patidar and Chandrashekhar Patidar — in the Ajmer shrine blast case. The accused have links with the group, Abhinav Bharat.

 

Unfinished stories, goes an old idiom in Ajmer, find their denouement in Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti’s shrine. Perhaps, unfinished investigations do too. Two-and-a-half years after low-intensity blasts ripped apart the courtyard of the centuries-old shrine, the Rajasthan police arrested three men—Devendra Gupta, Vishnu Prasad and Chandrashekhar Patidar. Gupta, an RSS worker, was suspected to have bought the mobile phone and SIM card that triggered off the October 2007 blast in which three were killed. Till their arrest on April 30 this year, the story narrated by the investigators, lapped up by the establishment and reiterated in large sections of the media was that the Ajmer blast was the handiwork of jehadi terrorists.

The SIM-mobile phone-detonated bombs are similar in Ajmer and Mecca Masjid blasts, with RDX-TNT mix in proportion used by the Indian army.

The one troubling question—would jehadis target Muslim devout at a dargah?—can have complicated answers, as the body count at Lahore’s Data Ganj Baksh would testify. But in India, the question wasn’t even deemed worthy of being asked as a reasonable line of inquiry. The needle of suspicion remained firmly and automatically fixed on Islamic terrorists—young men from the community were detained at various stages of the investigation and interrogated at length—until the trail finally led to Gupta and pointed to radical Hindu nationalist groups instead. Says Rajasthan Anti-Terrorist Squad chief Kapil Garg: “We have arrested some people of that religion (Hinduism) and we’re dead sure we’re on the right track.”

In Hyderabad too, the CBI team believes it is on the right track, finally, in the Mecca Masjid bomb blasts case. Four men belonging to radical Hindu groups were arrested this May for triggering a high-intensity bomb that went off in the masjid complex in May 2007, killing 14 and injuring some 50. At that time, the Hyderabad police had said it was most likely the work of the Harkat-ul-Jehad-e-Islami (HuJI), backed by local logistical support; some 26 Muslim men were picked up, interrogated, forced to confess and detained for up to six months.

The terror trail in India changed after the Maharashtra ATS’s investigations into the 2008 Malegaon blasts, which alerted them to Abhinav Bharat.

The story followed this script till the CBI found evidence to the contrary: the SIM card-and-mobile phone-detonated explosives packed in metal tubes were strikingly similar to the Ajmer blasts contraption. Tellingly, both bombs are believed to have contained a deadly mix of RDX and TNT, in proportions often used by the Indian army. CBI director Ashwani Kumar told the media that an activist named Sunil Joshi “played a key role in orchestrating the Ajmer blast... and a set of mobile SIM cards that had been used in activation of the bomb-triggers in the Mecca Masjid blast was used again in the Ajmer blast”.

Around the same time, officers of the National Investigating Agency (NIA) filed a chargesheet in a Panjim court accusing 11 people, all Hindus and members of the ultra-right-wing Sanathan Sanstha, of masterminding and executing the October 2009 Margao blasts that killed the two people ferrying the explosives to a local festival. Investigation in Pune’s German Bakery blast this February has run aground after the initial suspicion, detaining and interrogation of suspected Muslim men, some believed to be members of “sleeper cells of jehadi groups” or the Indian Mujahideen (IM). When Abdul Samad was arrested last month, the Maharashtra ATS actively encouraged the understanding that he was the man caught on CCTV cameras in the bakery that night. However, Samad was never charged with the blast and subsequently let off in other cases too.


Malegaon Blasts-I
September 8, 2006
37 dead

* Initial arrests: Arrested include Salman Farsi, Farooq Iqbal Makhdoomi, Raees Ahmed, Noorul Huda Samsudoha and Shabbir Batterywala.
* Later revelation: Suspicion now rests on Hindu terrorists because of the 2008 blasts.

Samjhauta Express Blasts
February 18, 2007
68 dead, mostly Pakistanis

* Initial suspicion: LeT and JeM were blamed. Those arrested included Pakistani national Azmat Ali.
* Later revelation: Police have seen the evidence trail lead to right-wing Hindu activists. Investigators claim the triggering mechanism for the Mecca masjid blast three months later was similar to the one used here. Police are looking for RSS pracharaks Sandeep Dange and Ramji.

Mecca Masjid Blast
May 18, 2007
14 dead

* Initial arrests: Around 80 Muslims detained for questioning and 25 arrested. Several have now been acquitted, including Ibrahim Junaid, Shoaib Jagirdar, Imran Khan and Mohammed Adul Kaleem.
* Later revelation: In June 2010 the CBI announced a cash reward of Rs 10 lakh for information on the two accused, Sandeep Dange and Ramchandra Kalsangra. Lokesh Sharma arrested.

Ajmer Sharif Blast
October 11, 2007
3 dead

* Initial arrests: HuJI, LeT blamed. Those arrested include Abdul Hafiz Shamim, Khushibur Rahman, Imran Ali.
* Later revelation: In 2010, Rajasthan ATS arrests Devendra Gupta, Chandrashekhar and Vishnu Prasad Patidar. Accused Sunil Joshi, who was killed weeks before the blast, is believed to have been a key planner.

Thane Cinema Blast
June 4, 2008

* Affiliated to Hindu Janjagruti Samiti and Sanathan Sanstha, Ramesh Hanumant Gadkari and Mangesh Dinkar Nikam arrested. Blast planned to oppose the screening of Jodhaa Akbar.

Kanpur And Nanded Bomb Mishaps
August 2008

* Two members of Bajrang Dal—Rajiv Mishra and Bhupinder Singh—were killed while assembling bombs in Kanpur. In April 2006, N. Rajkondwar and H. Panse from the same outfit died under similar circumstances in a bomb-making workshop in Nanded.

Malegaon Blasts II
September 29, 2008
7 dead

* Initial suspicion: Groups like Indian Mujahideen involved
* Later revelation: Abhinav Bharat and Rashtriya Jagaran Manch accused of involvement. Arrested include Pragya Singh Thakur, Lt Col Srikant Purohit and Swami Amritanand Dev Tirth, also known as Dayanand Pandey.

Goa Blasts
October 16, 2009

* 2 dead Both accused are members of the Sanathan Sanstha. Malgonda Patil and Yogesh Naik were riding a scooter laden with explosives, which accidentally went off.

Terror trails in India dramatically changed with the Malegaon blasts investigation in September-October 2008. Led by then Maharashtra ATS chief Hemant Karkare, who was subsequently killed on the night of 26/11, the investigation pointed to Abhinav Bharat (AB), an ultra-right-wing Pune-based organisation established in 2005-06, and its members or affiliates. What Karkare’s teams managed to uncover is part of recent history and should have become the basis of examining and monitoring the new phenomenon of Hindutva terror but didn’t.

The Hindutva links to Mecca Masjid, Ajmer and other low-intensity blasts have been in the public domain for close to two years; the signs were visible since 2002-03 when an ied found at the Bhopal railway station was traced back to local Hindutva activists Ramnarayan Kalsangra and Sunil Joshi. They were questioned, but no evidence was found. Yet, it prompted Congress leader Digvijay Singh to declare a Bajrang Dal hand. Later in 2006, there were explosions in the houses of Hindutva activists in Nanded and Kanpur, where ieds were being prepared. Through that year, mosques in several towns in Maharashtra—Purna, Parbhani, Jalna—were rocked by low-intensity blasts; the Nanded one was meant for a mosque in Aurangabad. Recovered with a map of Aurangabad were false beards and Muslim male outfits. That should have been warning enough.

However, till May-June this year, the establishment did not either see these warning signals or chose to ignore them—except for a brief two-month period in 2008 when Karkare led the Malegaon probe. Now, it may be difficult to sustain the denial. “For the last 10 years, stories about Hindu right-wing violence have been trickling out. Instead of a systematic investigation, there has been an event-to-event investigation. The larger story has remained underinvestigated and under-reported,” says Mumbai advocate and human rights campaigner Mihir Desai. The CBI is only now seeking directions from the Union home ministry to see the Ajmer, Mecca Masjid, Malegaon and other blasts in conjunction after there has been no conclusive evidence of the involvement of Islamic groups.

Malegaon 2008 provided the much-needed aperture to review the role of Hindutva groups. In September that year, eight people were killed and many injured in a low-intensity blast. The ATS investigation led to Sadhvi Pragya Singh Thakur, whose motorcycle was used to explode the bomb, and then to 13 others, including self-styled guru Dayanand Pandey and Lt Col Prasad Shrikant Purohit, the first-ever serving officer to be charged. During interrogation, he had disclosed to ATS investigators that he had provided the RDX in the Mecca Masjid blasts too but the ATS was reportedly asked not to make it public as the Hyderabad police had detained HuJI suspects. The similarity with the Ajmer Sharif blasts was evident too.

The 4,528-page chargesheet filed in the Malegaon case offers insight into the grand design of the Abhinav Bharat and its affiliates. Purohit, the Sadhvi and others had spoken to one another “to avenge bomb attacks on Hindu shrines” and had engineered a series of blasts with the larger ambition to establish a “separate Hindu rashtra”. Abhinav Bharat—whose original avatar was started by Veer Savarkar, later disbanded, and restarted by Himani Savarkar—was set up to achieve this ambition. “This organised crime syndicate,” states the chargesheet, “wanted to adopt a national flag, that is, a solo-themed saffron flag with a golden border...with an ancient golden torch.”

Malegaon honoured Karkare by naming a chowk after him—the tribute of a relieved town to a man they believed would have led them to the truth about the September 2006 blasts too. Three bombs had gone off that Friday afternoon near a mosque and cemetery, killing 37 and injuring 100. Typically, Muslim men alleged to be members of the proscribed SIMI were picked up, interrogated and forced to confess. But the chargesheet had several loopholes—main accused Mohammed Zahid, though a SIMI activist, was leading prayers in a village 700 km from Malegaon that day; conspirator Shabbir Masiuallah had been in police custody a month before the blasts, police sketches made on the basis of eyewitness accounts showed clean-shaven men while all accused had kept beards for years.

The Rajasthan ATS now believes that Devendra Gupta, linked to the Ajmer blasts, was in touch with AB members through RSS pracharak Sunil Joshi. Providing the other end of the link, the Maharashtra ATS says the Sadhvi, enraged when Joshi was killed by suspected SIMI activists in September 2007, ordered the 2008 Malegaon blast. Joshi has also been linked to the Samjhauta Express blasts which killed 68 people, all Pakistanis. The evidence has come from Purohit’s reported phone conversation as narrated by an unnamed witness.

Yet, the story has several loose ends, most critical among them being fugitives Ramnarayan Kalsangra, Swami Aseemanand and others. Kalsangra, investigators in Maharashtra and Rajasthan say, was introduced to Devendra Gupta by the Sadhvi and is believed to be an expert at assembling bombs. Finding Kalsangra is crucial since all accused in custody have named him as “the man”. Ajmer, Mecca Masjid, Malegaon, Samjhauta Express and several other blasts are clearly part of a larger story. Only when the CBI puts all the pieces together will the entire Hindutva terror picture emerge, if at all.

 

Two days after stoking a controversy by accusing BJP and RSS of conducting terror training camps and promoting " Hindu terrorism", the Union home ministerSushilkumar Shinde on Tuesday got an official backing of his remarks from home secretary R K Singh. The senior bureaucrat emphasized that the government has names of at least 10 people involved in several blasts, who were associated with the RSS. 

Though Singh did not mention anything about BJP or existence of any training camp that might be promoting terrorism as claimed by Shinde, he disclosed the names of 10 people against whom investigating agencies have evidence. 

"During investigation of Samjhauta Express, Mecca Masjid and (Ajmer) Dargah Sharif blasts, we have found at least 10 names who have been associated with the RSS at some point or the other," Singh said. 

Responding to a question whether government has any evidence linking RSS with any person involved in any terrorist strike anywhere in the country as claimed by Shinde, the home secretary said, "We have evidence against them. There are statements of witnesses". 

Names disclosed by Singh are of those who were either arrested by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) or are absconders for their alleged roles in Samjhauta Express, Ajmer Sharif Dargah, Mecca Masjid and Malegaon blasts at different points of time. 

Incidentally, Singh did not take name of the RSS senior leader Indresh Kumar whose name is there in the NIA's chargesheet as one of the "suspect" in the Samjhauta Express blast case - an indication that the investigating agency hasn't any corroborative evidence against him so far. 

The names that were made public by the home secretary had links with the RSS in one or the other way. 

These names — part of the report sent by the NIA to the home ministry — include slain RSS activist Sunil Joshi who was allegedly involved in Samjhauta Express and Ajmer Sharif Dargah blasts. Joshi was an "activist of RSS" in Dewas and Mhow from 1990s to 2003. 

The other nine include two absconders — Sandeep Dange and Ramji Kalsangra — and seven arrested accused like Lokesh Sharma, Swami Aseemanand alias Naba Kumar Sarkar, Rajender alias Samunder, Mukesh Vasani, Devender Gupta, Chandrasekhar Leve and Kamal Chauhan. 

The NIA's report claimed that Dange, who was allegedly involved in Samjhauta Express, Mecca Masjid and Ajmer Sharif Dargah blasts, was "RSS pracharak" in Mhow, Indore, Uttarkashi and Sajhapur from 1990s to 2006 while Lokesh Sharma - accused in Samjhauta Express and Mecca Masjid blasts — was the RSS "nagar karyavahak" in Deogarh. 

Similarly, Aseemanand - chargesheeted in Samjhauta Express blast case — was "associated with RSS wing Vanavashi Kalyan Parishad" in Dang, Gujarat, in 1990s to 2007, while Rajender (Samjhauta and Mecca Masjid blasts accused) was "RSS varg vistarak". 

Ajmer Sharif Dargah accused Mukesh Vasani was an "activist of RSS" in Godhra. The report also claimed that Devender Gupta, involved in Mecca Masjid blast, was a "RSS pracharak" in Mhow and Indore. Chandrasekhar - a Mecca Masjid accused — was a "RSS pracharak" in Shajhanpur in 2007, while Kamal Chouhan (Samjhauta and Mecca Masjid blasts accused) was a "RSS activist". 

The NIA also claimed that the absconder Ramji Kalsangra was a "RSS associate". He was involved in Samjhauta Express and Mecca Masjid blasts. 

Names of five of them - Aseemanand, Joshi, Sharma, Dange and Kalsangra — had figured in the Samjhauta Express charge-sheet, filed by the NIA in June 2011. Though the RSS leader Indresh Kumar was not an accused in the case, the agency referred to him thrice in the chargesheet stating that his involvement in the conspiracy is "highly suspected". 

Kumar's name is figured as "suspect" on the basis of his meeting with the perpetrators twice during 2005-06 when they "discussed about jihadi attacks on Hindu places of worships and the need to give befitting replies". 

These meetings were followed by similar secret gatherings of select people which finally culminated into terror attacks not only on Samjhauta Express train, but also blasts in dargah Ajmer Sharief, Mecca Masjid (Hyderabad) and twice in Malegaon under the radicals' "bomb ka badla bomb" plan. The NIA had earlier referred to Kumar as "suspect" in the Ajmer blast case as well. 

The NIA, in its 24-page chargesheet, had claimed that "investigation has brought out strong suspicion about the role of some more persons in the conspiracy as well" and therefore further probe in the case would be continued. 

 

 

Investigations and allegations

Hindu extremist organisations have been accused of involvement in terrorist attacks including 2006 Malegaon blasts, Mecca Masjid bombing (Hyderabad), Samjhauta Express bombings and the Ajmer Sharif Dargah Blast.^{[7][8][9][10][11][12]}

[edit]Investigation of Ajmer Dargah blast

Main article: Ajmer sharif dargah blast#Investigations

A blast shook the sufi shrine of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti at Ajmer on 11 October 2007 at 6:20 pm, leaving two dead and eleven injured. The blast was initially blamed on the Pakistani terrorist group LeT.^[13] However, in 2010, The ATS arrested five individuals for the blast, four of whom were members of the Hindu Nationalist group RSS.^[14][15] Swami Aseemanand, in his confession, also admitted the involvement of former RSS members and the Inter-Services Intelligence in the blast.^[16][17][18] Aseemanand later retracted his "confession" and his lawyer said the confession was not voluntary and made under extreme pressure.^[19]

[edit]Investigation of Samjhauta Express bombing

Main article: Samjhauta Express bombings#Investigation

Initially the primary suspects of the bombing were considered to be Pakistan-based terror groups like the LeT and the JeM.^[20] In November 2008, it was reported that Indian officials also suspected the attacks were linked to Prasad Shrikant Purohit, an Indian army officer and member of Hindu nationalist group Abhinav Bharat.^[21] Wikileaks reports name David Headley as behind the Samjhauta attacks.^[22] On January 8, 2011, Swami Aseemanand allegedly confessed that Saffron terror outfits were behind the bombing of Samjhauta express,^[23] a statement later alleged to be obtained under duress.^[19][24][25] His confessions included allegations that Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) was supporting the activities logistically.^[18][26] On March 31, 2011 Aseemanand redacted his confession, citing government pressure. Security analyst B. Raman has termed this investigation as a "partisan political game.".^[27] On July 18, 2011 Swami Aseemanand further unveiled that NIA had fabricated evidence against him and his arrest was illegal. He further alleged that he was tortured to give wrong statements.^[28][29] On November 29, 2011 the Punjab and Haryana High Court issued notice to the NIA on a petition filed by Swami Aseemanand.^[30] Kamal Chauhan a former RSS member confessed that he planted a bomb on the Delhi-Lahore Samjhauta Express that killed 68 people. This was under the leadership of Joshi a former RSS zila pracharak in Madhya Pradesh, who quit RSS for its diversion from the core idealogies.^[31][32]

[edit]Investigation of 2008 Malegaon blasts

Police filed a chargesheet that named Indian Army officer Lt Col Prasad Purohit as the alleged main conspirator who provided the explosives, and Sadhvi Pragya Singh Thakur as the alleged prime accused who arranged for the men who planted the explosives.^[33]

A 4,000-page chargesheet, filed by Maharashtra Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) before the Special MCOCA court here, stated that Purohit joined the right-wing Hindu group Abhinav Bharat in 2007 with an alleged intention to ‘propagate a separate Hindu Rashtra with its own Constitution’. According to the document, the Army officer allegedly collected ‘huge amounts’ to the tune of Rs 21 lakh for himself and Abhinav Bharat to promote his "fundamentalist ideology."^[33]

It was in the aftermath of the September 29 bomb blast in the predominantly Muslim town^[34] of Malegaon in Maharashtra that the alleged terms Saffron Terror and Hindutva Terror came to be used widely in various medias. ^[35] However, the accused parties confessed to police on narco-analysis that a group of Muslim individuals was used to obtain the RDX used in the blast.^[36] However, Purohit allegedly admitted that a splinter group with tenuous ties to him had executed two blasts in India, which prompted investigators to look into the blasts in Ajmer and Hyderabad.^[37]

Three men accused of the 2006 Malegaon bombings, including Lt Col Shrikant Purohit of the India army and Pragya Singh Thakur, have been described as representing Saffron terror. ^[38][39] Purohit was also accused of being involved in the 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings }</ref>

[edit]Investigation of Mecca Masjid bombing

Main article: Mecca Masjid bombing#Suspected bombers

 

While the United Progressive Alliance-led central government has claimed that Abhinav Bharat was behind the Mecca Masjid bombing,^[40] the South Asia Terrorism Portal, the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, the United States and the United Nations have asserted that the Islamicoutfit Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami was behind the attacks.^{[41][42][43][44]} Noting this, security analyst B. Raman has questioned "the two different versions that have emerged from Indian and American investigators."^[45] On September 22, 2010 a report submitted by the United States National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) to the United States Department of Homeland Security, named HuJi responsible for the blasts. The CBI claimed in their response that the NCTC "do not seem to be updated with developments in the case"^[46]

Swami Aseemanand allegedly confessed in January 2011^[47] that he and other Hindu activists were involved in bombings at Muslim religious places(including the mecca masjid). Hyderabad was chosen because the Nizam of Hyderabad wanted to opt for Pakistan at the time of partition.^[47]However his lawyer claimed that confession was obtained under pressure.^[19][24]

[edit]Other allegations

Members of Abhinav Bharat have recently been alleged to have been involved in a plot to kill Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh President Mohan Bhagwat.^[48] allegedly with the help of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence.^[49] Headlines Today released a recorded video tested by the Central Forensic Science Laboratory which indicated the uncovering of an alleged plot to assassinate the Vice President of India Hamid Ansari.^[50] Tehelka also released alleged audio tapes transcripts of main conspirators of Abhinav Bharat which indicated involvement of Military intelligence officers with the Abhinav Bharat group in their January 2011 edition.^[51]

In January 2013, Indian Home Minister Sushilkumar Shinde accused Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Bharatiya Janata Party for setting up camps to train Hindu Terrorism including planting bombs in 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings, Mecca Masjid bombing and 2006 Malegaon blasts.Shinde said "Reports have come during investigation that BJP and RSS conduct terror training camps to spread terrorism ... Bombs were planted in Samjhauta express, Mecca Masjid and also a blast was carried out in Malegaon," .He also added, "This is saffron terrorism that I have talked about. It is the same thing and nothing new."^[52]. A few days later, Indian Home Secretary Raj Kumar Singh released the names of 10 people, who were involved in the blasts, also alleged to have been involved with the RSS at some point or the other.^[53]

According to some released documents by WikiLeaks, Congress(I) party's general secretary Rahul Gandhi remarked to US Ambassador Timothy Roemer, at a luncheon hosted by Prime Minister of India at his residence in July 2009, that R.S.S. was a "bigger threat" to India than theLashkar-e-Tayiba. RSS spokesman Panchjanya responded that the statement showed that Gandhi "is totally unaware of the history of Hindutva as well as the concept of nationalism."^[54]

At The Annual Conference of Director General of Police held in New Delhi on 16 September 2011, a special director of the Intelligence Bureau (IB) reportedly informed the state police chiefs that the Hindutva activists have either been suspected or are under investigation in 16 incidents of bomb blasts in the country.^[55][56]

[edit]Organizations and alleged people

The following organizations are alleged to be involved in acts of terrorism attributable to Hindu nationalism:

• Abhinav Bharat - Notable members: Sadhvi Pragya Singh Thakur, Lt. Col Prasad Shrikant Purohit, Swami Aseemanand

Two persons with alleged links to the Hindutva organization Sanatan Sanstha were sentenced to 10 years in jail for planting explosives and causing an explosion in various theatres in Thane and Vasai.^[57]

[edit]Usage

The first known use of the term "Saffron Terror" is from an 2002 article in Frontline in reference to 2002 Gujarat Riots.^[58] However it was in the aftermath of the September 29, 2008 bomb blast in the predominantly Muslim town of Malegaon in Maharashtra that these terms came to be used widely.^[59] In late 2008, Indian police arrested members of a Hindu radical cell allegedly involved in an attack Malegaon which killed 7 Muslims.^[60] For incidents like these, Saffron terror has been used synonymously with "Anti-Muslim terrorism" or "Anti-Muslim reprisals"^[61] and also as Hindu terrorism.^[62]

The current Home Minister of India, P. Chidambaram urged Indians to beware of "Saffron terror" on August 25, 2010 at a meeting of state police chiefs in New Delhi.^[5] This was the first time the word was "officially" used by the Government of India.^[1] Since making the remark, a Hindu Swamiin the Patan district has filed a defamation lawsuit against Chidambaram, on the grounds that the saffron color is a conventional Hindu symbol and worn regularly by Hindu religious clergy, and that Chidambaram has hurt the sentiments of Hindus by linking the symbol to terrorism.^[63]Chidambaram responded by stating "I cannot claim patent on the phrase."^[64] On September 6, 2010 a Gujarat court ordered a probe into the use of the term by Chidambaram.^[65] Chidambaram was also criticized by members of his own party (the Indian National Congress) for the use of the term, with Congress spokesman Janardhan Dwivedi claiming "terrorism does not have any colour other than black".^[66]

 

 

India is in something of a state of shock after learning from official sources that its first Hindu terror cell may have carried out a series of deadly bombings that were initially blamed on militant Muslims. The revelation is forcing the country to consider some difficult questions.

At least 10 people have been arrested in connection with several bomb blasts in the Muslim-dominated town of Malegaon in the western state of Maharashtra in September, which left six people dead. But reports suggest that police believe the cell may also have carried out a number of previous attacks, including last year's notorious bombing of a cross-border train en route to Pakistan, which killed 68 people. Among the alleged members of the cell are a serving army officer and a Hindu monk.

 

Bomb attacks are not uncommon in India – there has been a flurry in recent months – but police usually blame them on Muslim extremists, often said to have links to militant groups based in either Pakistan or Bangladesh. As a result, the recent cracking of the alleged Hindu cell has forced India to face some difficult issues. A country that prides itself on purported religious and cultural toleration – an ambition that in reality often falls short – has been made to ask itself how this cell could operate for so long. India's military, which prides itself on i
ts professionalism, has been forced to order an embarrassing inquiry.

 

The near-daily drip of revelations from police has also caused red faces for India's main political opposition, the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), ahead of state polls and a general election scheduled for early next year. The BJP and its prime ministerial candidate, Lal Krishna Advani, have long accused the Congress Party-led government of being soft on terrorism that involved Muslims. However, the BJP has refused to call for a clampdown on Hindu groups, and last week Mr Advani even criticised the police over the way they questioned one of the alleged cell members, a woman called Sadhvi Pragya Singh Thakur.

 

The Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh, phoned his rival to ask him not to politicise the issue or the investigation. "There is a strong case so let the police do their job," he told Mr Advani. While some commentators have expressed surprise about the discovery of the alleged cell, others have pointed out that there has been growing concern about the possible threat from Hindu extremists. In the summer, two members of a right-wing Hindu group were killed while putting together a bomb, and two other suspected members of the same group died in similar circumstances in 2006.

 

Meanwhile, senior right-wing leaders have made no secret of their wish that Hindus should form suicide squads to protect themselves against Muslim extremists. Bal Thackeray, leader of a group called the Shiv Sena, which has been responsible for communal and regional violence in Mumbai, wrote recently in the party's magazine: "The threat of Islamic terror in India is rising. It is time to counter the same with Hindu terror. Hindu suicide squads should be readied to ensure the existence of Hindu society and to protect the nation."

 

Observers say the fact that the police have arrested the alleged cell members amid considerable political pressure suggests the growing professionalism of its security forces. "It's the first Hindu cell and it's the first time Hindus have been shackled and taken to jail," said Professor Dipankar Gupta, a sociologist at Delhi's Jawarlahal Nehru University. "I'm quite pleased with the way the police have done their jobs."

 

 

 

Is it ironical when United States terms India's indigenous terror as Hindu terrorism as its President Barack Obama preaches a noble concept of 'Terrorism has no religion'. Amidst heated arguments on the controversial topic of 'saffron terrorism' in the country, the latest U.S. Congressional report on India says militant Hindu nationalist groups are planning on launching domestic terrorist attacks. The report, however, acknowledge that 'Hindu Terrorism' has became a new and highly controversial phrase in India's national language.

The independent and bipartisan wing of the U.S. Congress, CRS prepares periodic reports on various issues of interest to the lawmakers and the India report was made public by the Federation of American Scientists (FAS). "Even more recent are overt signs that India is home to militant Hindu nationalist groups intent on launching domestic terrorist attacks. In September 2008, seven people were killed by two bomb blasts in Maharashtra's Malegaon, a hotbed of Hindu-Muslim communal strife," the report said. "Many Indian observers warned of the danger of a 'militant majoritarianism' among Hindu nationalists that threatens to rend the secular fabric of the nation," reports PTI quoting the CSR study.

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Malayalam names of Herbal plants

 

List of Herbal Plants in Malayalam, Names of Medicinal Plants in Malayalam Alphabetic order

Click on the names to find the details

അകത്തി	Hummingbird tree, Sesban	Sesbania Grandiflora (Linn.) Pior. Papilionaceae
അക്രോട്ട്	Indian Walnut, Candle-Nut	Aleurites Moluccana Willd.
അകിൽ	Aloe Wood, Eagle Wood	Aquilaria Agallocha Roxb. Thymelacaceae
അക്കക്കാരം	Pellitory, Mount Atlas daisy	Anacylus Pyrethrum Dc. Compositae Asteraceae
അഗ്നിശിഖ	Fire Flame Bush, Downy Grislea	Woodfordia Fruticosa, Floribunda Lythraceae
അഘോരി	Governor’s Plum	Flacourtia Ramoutchi Fam., Indica Merr.
അങ്കോലം	Sage Leaves	Alangium Salviifolium Wang.
അടതാപ്പ്	Yam, Air potato	Dioscorea Bulbifera Linn. Dioscoriaceae
അടപതിയൻ	Ada-koden-Adapathiyan, Jeevanti, Ksheerini	Holostemma Annularis, Asclepias Asclepiadaceae
അടമ്പ്	Goat’s Food Creeper	Ipomoea Perscaprae (Linn.)/ Biloba Forssk.
അടയ്ക്കമണിയൻ	East Indian Globe Thistle	Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn., Hirtus Willd.
അടയ്ക്കാ	Betel Nut- Seed	Aracanut
അണ്ണാൻപച്ച	Basket ferns, Oak leaf Fern	Dryhnaria Quercifolia, Polypodium Quercifolium
അണലിവേഗം	Poison Devil tree	Alstonia Venenata R. Br. Apocynaceae
അത്തി	Cluster Fig, Country Fig	Ficus Racemosa Linn. , Glomerata
അതിവിടയം	Indian Aconite	Aconitum Ferox Wall., Nepillus Linn. Ranunculaceae
അപ്പ	Angular Curved Physic Nut	Jatropha Curcas Linn. Euphorbiaceae
അപ്പ, നായ തുളസി	Appa Grass	Ageratum Conyzoides Linn. Asteraceae
അമ്പഴം	Indian Hog Plum, Wild Mango	Spondias Pinnata, Mangifera Willd. Anacardiaceae
അമ്മകറുമ്പി	Wild mussaenda	Mussaendra Frondosa Linn. , Flavescens Rubiaceae
അമര	Flat Bean, Goa Bean, Indian Bean	Dolichos Lablab Linn.
അമൃത്	Heartleaf Moonseed, Giloy	Tinospora Cordifolia Miers Menispermaceae
അയമോദകം	Kings’ Cumin, Bishop’s Weed	Trachispermum Amami Linn. Sprague. Umbelliferae
അയ്യപ്പന	Ayapana Tea	Eupatorium Triplinerve Vahl., Ayapan Compositae
അരംപാലി	Mountain Ebony	Bauhinia Racemosa Roxb. Leguminosae
അരണമരം	Mast Tree, Cemetery Tree	Polyalthia Longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites
അരത്ത	Cardamom ginger, Greater galangal	Alpinia Calcarata
അരത്ത-ചിറ്റരത്ത	Zadoary (Root), Spiked Ginger Lily	Hedychium Spicatum
അരയാൽ	Sacred Fig, Peepal Tree	Ficus Religiosa Linn. Urticaceae
അരളി	Indian Oleander, Rose Berry	Nerium Indicum Mill. , Odorum Soland.
അരിപ്പൂ	Wild Sage, Lantana Weed	Lantana Camara Linn. , Aculeata Verbenaceae
അരൂത	Garden Rue	Ruta Graveolens Linn, Chalepensis Rutaceae
അരേണുകം	Wild jute-Mallow leaves	Corchorus Acutangulus, Aestuans Tiliaceae
അലക്കുചേര്	Marking Nut  Fruit	Semecarpus Anacardium
അഴുകണ്ണി	Alkaliweeds	Cressa Cretica Linn. Convolvulaceae
അശ്വഗന്ധ	Winter Cherry, Indian Ginseng	Withania Somnifera (L.) Dunal.
അശോകം	Ashoka Tree	Saraca Indica Linn, Asoka Wilde Caesalpiniaceae
ആടലോടകം	Malabar Nut	Adhatoda Vasaka Nees, Justica Adhatoda Linn.
ആനക്കൂവ	Crepe Ginger Rhizome	Costos Speciosus
ആനച്ചുവടി	Elephant’s Foot, Prickly Leaves	Elephantopus Scaber Linn. Compositae
ആനതിപ്പലി	Elephant pepper, Galapippaly	Scindapsus Officinalis Schott. Araceae
ആനപ്പരുവ	Climbing Arroid	Pothos Scandens
ആമ്പൽ	Water-Lilly	Nymphaea Stellata, Euryale Ferox
ആമ്പൽ-വെള്ള	White Water Lily	Nymphaea Alba Linn.Castalia Alba
ആറ്റുപേഴ്	Hijjal, Freshwater Mangrove	Barringtonia Acutangula Gaertn. Myrtaceae
ആറ്റുവഞ്ചി	Attuvanchi	Homonoia Riparia Lour. Euphorbiaceae
ആഴാന്തൽ	Indian trumpet, Broken born	Oroxylum Indicum
ആവണക്ക്	Castor, Eranda	Ricinus Communis
ആവര	Mature Tea Tree, Tanner’s Cassia	Cassia Auriculata Linn. Caesalpiniaceae
ആവല്	Indian Elm	Holopteila Integrifolia
ആശാളി	Garden Cress, Water Cress	Lepidium Sativum
ഇഞ്ച	Soap bark	Acacia Caesia Willd., Intsia Mimosaceae
ഇഞ്ചി	Ginger	Zinziber Officinalis Rosc. , Linn.
ഇഞ്ചിമാങ്ങ	Round Zedoary, white turmeric	Curcuma Zedoria Rosc. Scitaminaceae
ഇടംപിരി വലംപിരി	East Indian Screw Tree	Helicteres isora
ഇടന	Malabar leaf, Indian bark.	Cinnamomum Tamala Nees & Eberm. Lauraceae
ഇത്തിൾ	Loranthus	Dendrophthoe Falcata, Loranthus Coriaceus
ഇന്ദ്രവാരുണി	Bitter Apple	Citrullus Colocynthis Schrad. Cucurbitaceae
ഇരട്ടിമധുരം	Licorice	Glycyrrhiza Glabra Linn. Papilionaceae
ഇരവി	Indian Gamboge	Garcinia Morella Desr. Guttiferae
ഇരുമ്പുരുക്കി	Bollywood, bollygum	Litsea Glutinosa C. B. Robins Lauraceae
ഇരുവേലി	Iruvale	Coleus Vettiveroides, Plectranthus Vettiveroides
ഇലകള്ളി	Milk Hedge	Euphorbia Neriifolia
ഇലഞ്ഞി	Bullet-Wood Tree	Mimusops Elengi Linn. Sapotaceae
ഇലന്ത	Jujube, Chinese Date	Zizyphus Jujuba Lam. Non Mill. , Vulgaris Lam.
ഇല്ലി	Bamboo	Bambusa Bambos
ഇലവ്	Silk Cotton Tree	Bombax Malabaricum Schott & Endl.
ഇലുപ്പ	Indian Butter Tree, South Indian Mahua	Madhuca Longifolia Linn. , Bassia Longifulia
ഇലുമ്പി പുളി	Country Goose Berry, Bilimbi, Tree sorrel	Averrhoa Acida Oxalidaceae
ഈട്ടി	Black Wood, Rose Wood	Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb. Papilionaceae
ഈന്ത്	Sago palm, Queen sago	Cycas Circinalis Linn. Cycadaceae
ഈന്തപ്പന	Wild Date, Date Sugar Palm	Phoenix Sylvestris Roxb. Palmae
ഈശ്വരമൂലി	Indian Birthwort	Aristolochia Indica Linn. Aristolochiaceae
ഉണക്കമുന്തിരി	Raisin, Dry Grapes	Vitis Vinifera
ഉന്നം	Jew Mallow	Grewia Populifolia Tiliaceae
ഉപ്പട്ടി	White Mangrove	Avicennia Officinalis
ഉപ്പുചീര	Sand Herbage	Gisekia Pharnaceoides Linn. Ficoidaceae
ഉലുവ	Fenugreek	Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Linn. Papilionaceae
ഉഴുന്ന്	Green Gram, Black Gram	Phaseolus Mungo Linn. , Vigna Mungo Hepper
ഉഷാമലരി	Madagascar Periwinkle	Catharanthus Roseus G.Don. , Vinca Rosea Linn.
എരുമക്കള്ളി	Yellow Thistle, Mexican Poppy	Argemone Mexicana Linn. Papaveraceae
എരുമനാക്ക്	Roughleaved fig, creeping fig	Ficus Hispida Linn. Urticaceae
എലിപ്പയർ	Indian caper	Capparis Zeylanica
ഏകനായകം	Salaretin	Salacia Reticulata Wight
ഏലം	Green Cardamom (Small)	Elettaria Cardamomum Maton Scitaminaceae
ഏഴിലംപാല	Devil Tree, Shaitan Wood	Alstonia Scholaris Linn. Apocynaceae
ഐറിസ്‌	Oris Root	Iris Vesicolor Thunb. , Germanica Linn. Iridaceae
ഒട്ടകമുള്ള്	Camel thorn, Persian Manna Plant	Alhagi Pseudalhagi Desv. , Maurorum Desv.
ഒടിയന്മരം	Woodier, Indian Ash Tree	Lannea Grandis Engl., Odina Woodier Roxb.
ഒതളം	Dog-Bane, Odallum Tree	Cerbera Odollam Gaertn. Apocynaceae
ഒരുകാൽഞൊണ്ടി	Panicled Foldwing	Peristrophe Paniculata
ഒരുവേരൻ, ചെറുതേക്ക്	Bharang	Clerodendron Serratum
ഒരുവേരൻ	Hill glory bower	Clerodendrum Infortunatum Linn., Viscosum Vent.
ഓടൽ	Monkey’s bridge	Sarcostigma Kleinii W&A. Icacinaceae
ഓമയ്ക്ക, കപ്പളം	Papaya	Carica Papaya Linn. Caricaceae
ഓരില	Desmodium	Desmodium Gangeticum
ഓറഞ്ച്	Loose-Skinned Orange, mandarin orange	Citrus Reticulata Rutaceae
കംബിളിനാരങ്ങ	Pomelo, Shaddock	Citrus Decumana Linn. Rutaceae
കച്ചപ്പട്ട	Kachapatta	Pittosporum Tetraspermum
കച്ചോലം	Aromatic ginger, Kencur, Sand ginger	Kaempferia Galanga Linn., Curcuma Zedoria
കഞ്ചാവ്	Indian Hemp, Ganja, greengrass	Cannabis Indica Linn. , Sativa Urticaceae
കടപ്ലാവ്‌	Breadfruit tree	Artocarpus Communis Forst. , Incisus Linn. F.
കടമ്പ്‌	Wild Cinchona, Kadam tree	Anthocephalus Cadamba
കടൽത്തെങ്ങ്	Sea Coconut Palm, Double Coconut Palm	Lodoicea Sechellarum, Maldivica Pers. Arecaceae
കടല	Chicken Pea, Bengal Gram	Cicer Arietinum Linn. Papilionaceae
കടലാവണക്ക്	Purgative Croton	Croton Tiglium Linn. Euphorbiaceae
കടുക്	Brown Mustard, Indian Mustard	Brassica Juncea Linn. Cruciferae
കടുക്ക	Chebulic Myrobalan	Chebulic Myrobalan,  Terminalia Chebula
കണ്ടകാരിച്ചുണ്ട	Indian Solanum, Yellow-Berried Nightshade	Solanum Xanthocarpum Schrad, Surattense Burm.
കണ്ടത്തിൽ കാന്താരി	Primrose Willow	ludwigia hyssopifolia
കണിക്കൊന്ന	India Laburnum, Purging Cassia	Cassia Fistula Linn. Caesalpiniaceae,
കദളിപ്പഴം	Banana	Musa Paradisiaca
കനകാംബരം	Porcupine flower	Barleria Prionitis Linn. Acanthaceae
കപ്പ	Tapioca	Manihot Esculenta Crantz, Utilissima Pohl
കപ്പളം	Papaya	Carica Papaya Linn. Caricaceae
കയ്യൂന്നി	False Daisy	Eclipta Alba Hassk. , Prostrata Linn. Compositae
ക്യാരറ്റ്	Carrot	Daucas Carota Linn. Umbelliferae
കരടിപ്പുല്ല്	Water Chestnut	Scirpus Kysoor, Grossus Linn. Cyperaceae
കരിംകുരിഞ്ഞി	Sahachara, kurinji, Blue fox tail	Nilgirianthus Ciliatus / Strobilanthes Ciliatus
കരിംകൂവളം	Bael	Aegle Marmelos Corr. Ex. Roxb. Rutaceae
കരിംജീരകം	Black cumin seed	Carom Bulbocastanum, Nigella Sativa
കരിങ്ങാലി	Black Catechu, Cutch Tree	Acacia Catechu
കരിങ്ങോട്ട	Niepa Bark Tree	Samadera Iindica Gaertn / Quassia Indica Gaertn.
കരിഞ്ചീരകം	Caraway Seeds	Carum carvi
കരിനോച്ചി	Five-Leaved Chaste Tree	Vitex Negundo Linn. Verbenaceae
കരിമ്പ്‌	Sugar Cane, Sucanat, Turbinado	Saccharum Officinarum Linn. Gramineae
കരിമ്പന	Palmyra Palm, toddy palm, sugar palm	Borassus Flabellifera Linn., Blabelliformis Palmae
കരിമ്പോളം	Indian Water Chestnut, Caltrop	Trapa Natans Linn., Bispinosa Roxb. Trapaceae
കരിമരുത്	Black Murdah	Terminalia Crenulata Roth Combretaceae
കരിമുതുക്കു	Giant potato	Ipomea Mauritiana
കരിവള്ളി	Black Creeper	Ichnocarpus Frutescens (Linn.)
കരിവേങ്ങ, രക്തചന്ദനം	Red sandal	Pterocarpus Santalinus
കരുനൊച്ചി	Vitex Agnus, Chastetree	Vitex Agnus Castus – Verbenaceae
കർക്കടക ശ്രുംഘി	Crab’s Claw, Gall’s	Rhus Succedanea Linn. Anacardiaceae
കർകടകശ്രിംഘി	Zebra wood	Pistacia Integerrima
കർപ്പൂരം	Camphor	Cinnamomum Camphora Nees & Eberm.
കർപ്പൂരവള്ളി	Thick-Leaved Lavender	Anisochilus Carnosus Wall. Labiatae
കറപ്പ്	Saffron-Poppy	Crocus Sativus
കറപ്പ്	Opium, White Poppy	Papaver Somniferum Linn. Papaveraceae
കറിവേപ്പ്	Curry Leaves	Bergera KoenigiiLinn. ,   Murraya Koenigii
കറുക	Bermuda Grass	Cynodon Dactylon Pers. Gramineae
കറുവ	Cinnamon	Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Breyn., Verum Presl.
കറുവപ്പട്ട	Camphor bark	Cinnamomum Tamala
കൽചെട	Clubmoss Spores	Lycopodium Clavatum Linn. Lycopodiaceae
കല്പ്പയാൽ	Rock fungie	Parmelia Perlata
കല്ലുവേങ്ങ	Sandan	Ougeinia Dalbergioides Benth., Oojeinensis
കല്ലൂർവഞ്ചി	Blistering Ammania, Aquatic Rotula	Ammania Baccifera Linn. Ssp. / Rotula aquatica
കള്ളിമുള്ള്	Prickly Pear, Indian fig opuntia, barbary fig	Opuntia Dillenii Haw. , Cactus Indicus Cactaceae
കഴഞ്ചി	Bonducella Nut, Fever Nut, Grey Nicker	Caesalpinia Crista Linn. , Bonduc
കശുവണ്ടി	Cashew Nut	Anacardium Occidentale Linn. Anacardiaceae
കണ്ണാന്തളി	Bicolor Persian Violet	Exacum bicolor
കസ്തൂരിമഞ്ഞൾ	Wild Turmeric, Yellow Zedoary	Curcuma Aromatica Salisb. Scitaminaceae
കസ്തൂരിവെണ്ട	Musk Mallow	Hibiscus Abelmoschus Linn., Abelmoschus Moschatus
കാക്കത്തുടലി	Forest Pepper, Wild Orange Tree, Orange climber	Toddalia Asiatica (Linn.) Lam. , Aculeata Pers.
കാകോളി	Kakoli	Fritillaria Roylei
കാഞ്ഞിരം	Nux vomica, Poison Nut tree	Strychnos Nuxvomica Linn. Loganiaceae
കാട്ടത്തി	Hairy Fig, devil fig	Ficus Hispida
കാട്ടുകടുക്	Dog Mustard, African spider-flower	Cleome Gynandra, Viscosa Linn.
കാട്ടുകരിമ്പ്	Thatch Grass, Wild Sugarcane	Saccharum Spontaneum Linn. Gramineae
കാട്ടുകറിവേപ്പ്	Orange Jasmine	Murraya paniculata
കാട്ടുകൊടി	Wild Pepper	Piper Chaba Hunter, Brachystachyum Wall.
കാട്ടുകൊവൽ	Pointed Gourd	Coccinia Indica Wight & Arun,  Cordifolia
കാട്ടുഗോതമ്പ്	Job’s Tear	Coix Lacryma-Jobi Linn., L. Lacryma Linn.
കാട്ടുജാതി	Bombay Mace, False Nutmeg	Myristica Malabarica Lam. Myristicaceae
കാട്ടുജീരകം	Wild cumin	Centratherum, Vernonia Anthelminticum Kuntze
കാട്ടുതുളസി	Shrubby Basil	Ocimum Gratissimum Linn., Frutescens Labiatae
കാട്ടുദർതാവ്	Sage weed	Salvia Plebeia R. Br. Labiatae
കാട്ടുപടവലം	Wild Snake Gourd	Trichosanthes Dioica, Lobata Roxb.
കാട്ടുപയർ	Wild Bean	Phaseolus Trilobus / Vigna Vexillatta
കാട്ടുപുതിന	Corn Mint, wild mint	Mentha Arvensis Linn. Labiatae
കാട്ടുമുല്ല	Wild Jasmine	Jasminum Angustifolium (Linn.) Willd. Oleaceae
കാട്ടുള്ളി	Indian Squill	Urginea Indica Kunth Liliaceae
കാട്ടുഴുന്നു	Wild blackgram	Teramnus Labialis Spreng. Papilionaceae
കാന്താരി	Cayenne, Birdeye chilly	Capsicum Annum Linn. Solanaceae
കാബേജ്‌	Cabbage	Brassica Oleracea Linn. Cruciferae
കായം	Asa foetida	Ferula Asa Foetida
കാരന്നാവ്-പൂപാതിരി	Trumpet Flower Tree, Yellow Snake Tree	Stereospermum Suaveolens, Colais Ham.
കാരീരം	Caper Plant, Karir	Capparis Decidua (Forsk.) Edgew., Aphylla Roth
കാർകോകിൽ	Purple Fleabane, Babchi Seeds, Psoralea	Psoralea Corylifolia Linn. Papilionaceae
കിരിയാത്ത്‌	Chireta, The creat	Swertia Chirata Buch-Ham Gentianaceae
കിരിയാത്ത	Indian Gentian	Gentiana Kurroo Royle. Gentianaceae
കിലുകിലുപ്പ	Brown Hemp, Flax Hemp, Blue Rattleweed	Crotalaria Verrucosa Papilionaceae
കിളിതീനിപ്പഞ്ഞി	Black Oil plant, Intellect tree	Celastrus Paniculata Willd. , Cardiospermum
കീരിപച്ച	Mongoose Plant	Ophiorrhiza Mungos Linn. Rubiaceae
കീഴാർനെല്ലി	Stonebreaker, seed-under-leaf, Gulf Leaf	Phyllanthus Niruri
കുങ്കുമം	Saffron	Crocus Sativus Linn. Irideae
കുങ്കുമം	Saffron	Crocus Sativus Linn. Irideae
കുടംപുളി	Pot tamerind, Indian garcinia	Garcinia Gummi-Gutta (Linn.) Robs. Guttiferae
കുടകപ്പാല	Easter tree, Kurchi, Snow flake tree	Holarrhena Antidysenterica (White) Wall.
കുട്കി	Hellbore	Picrorrhiza Kurroa Royle Ex Benth.
കുട്കി	Kutki	Andrographis Paniculata
കുടങ്ങൽ	Mouse Ear Wort, Indian Pennywort	Merremia Emarginata (Burm.F.) Hall.F.
കുടമുല്ല	Arabian Jasmine, Tuscan Jasmine	Jasminum Sambac Ait. Oleaceae
കുന്തിരിക്കം	Indian Olibaum, Indian Frankincense	Boswellia Serrata Roxb. Burseraceae
കുന്നി	Indian Licorice, Crab’s eye  plant	Abrus Precatorius Linn. Tiliaceae
കുപ്പമേനി	India Acalypha	Acalypha Indica Linn. Euphorbiaceae
കുമ്പളം	Ash gourd	Benincasa Hispida Cogn., Cerifera
കുമ്പിൾ	Wite teak, Beechwood	Gmelina Arborea
കുരങ്ങുമഞ്ഞൾ	Arnotta Plant, Aploppas, Lipstic tree	Bixa Orellana Linn. Bixaceae
കുരുമുളക്	Black Pepper	Piper Nigrum Linn. Piperaceae
കുറശ്ശാണി	Henbane, Black Henbane	Hyocyamus Reticulatus Linn. , Niger Solanaceae
കുറുംതോട്ടി	Country Mallow, Arrow leaf sida	Sida Rhombifolia Linn. Malvaceae
കൂണ്‍	Mushroom, Touchwood	Psolliota Campestris (Linn.) Fr. Agaricaceae
കൂരിൽ	South Indian Uvaria	Uvaria Narum  Wall.Ex. Wight, Unona Narum Dun.
കൂവ	Arrow Root	Maranta Arundinacea Linn./ Curcuma Angustifolia
കൂവളം	Stone apple, Bael	Aegle Marmelos
കൂവളത്തില	Leaves of Bael	Aegle Marmelos
കൃഷ്ണജീരകം	Small Fennel, Nigella Seed, Black Cumin	Nigella Sativa Linn. Ranunculaceae
കൃഷ്ണബീജം	Blue Morning Glory, Krishnabeeja	Ipomoea Hederacea Auct. Non Jacq.
കെടങ്ങ്‌	Prickly Sesban	Sesbania Bispinosa
കൈത	Screw Pine	Pandanus Tectorius Auct.Non Soland.
കൈതച്ചക്ക	Pineapple	Ananas Cosmus Merr., Sativus Linn.
കൈപ്പൻ	Wild Sunflower	Helianthus quinquelobus
കൈപ്പൻപടവലം	Bitter snake-gourd	Trichosanthus Palmata
കൈമരുത്	Sal, Sala tree	Shorea Robusta
കൊങ്ങിണി	Wild Sage, Lantana Weed	Lantana Camara Linn. , Aculeata Verbenaceae
കൊടകൻ	Indian Pennywort, Gotu Kola	Centella, Hydrocotyle Asiatica Linn. Umbelliferae
കൊട്ടം	Kuth Root, Costus	Saussurea Lappa, Costus Speciosus Sm. Scitaminaceae
കൊടിത്തൂവ	Climbing Nettle	Tragia involucrata
കൊത്തമര	Cluster Bean, Field Vetch	Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba Taub., Psoralioides Dc.
കൊഴിഞ്ഞിൽ	Wild Indigo, Fish Poison	Tephrosia Purpurea
കൊഴുപ്പ	Indian Parselane, pigweed, little hogweed	Portulaca Oleraceae Linn. Portulacaceae
കോട്ടില	Ceylon Oak, Lac tree, Kusum tree	Schleichera Oleosa Oken, Trijuga Willd.
കോലരക്ക്	Shell lac	Laccifer Lacca
കോവിദാരം	Kachnar, Orchid Tree, Mountain Ebony	Bauhinia Variegata
ഗണപതിനാരകം	Citron Tree	Citrus Medica Linn. Rutaceae
ഗന്ദരാജൻ	Dikamali-Gum Gardenia, Nanjundam	Gardenia Gummifera Linn. F. Rubiaceae
ഗ്രാമ്പു	Clove	Syzygium Aromaticum Merr
ഗ്രീൻപീസ്	Pea, Garden Pea	Pisum Sativum Linn. Fabaceae
ഗരുഡക്കൊടി	Indian Birthwort	Aristolochia Indica Linn. Aristolochiaceae
ഗരുഡപച്ച	Resurrection plant	Selaginella rupestris
ഗിടോരൻ	Indian caper	Capparis Zeylanica
ഗുൽഗുലു	Indian Bedellum, Gum Gugal	Commiphora Mukul Engl.
ഗോതമ്പ്	Wheat, Beardless Wheat	Triticum Aestivum Linn. Gramineae
ചക്കരക്കൊല്ലി	Periploca of The Woods	Gymnema Sylvestre Br.
ചങ്ങലംപരണ്ട	Devil’s Backbone	Cissus Quadrangularis
ചണം	Jute	Corchorus Capsularis Linn. Tiliaceae-
ചതകുപ്പ	Indian Dill (Kind of Fenugreek)	Anethum Sowa Kurz. , Peucedanum Graveolens
ചതുരകള്ളി	Square milk hedge, Antique Spurge	Euphorbia Antiquorum Linn. Euphorbiaceae
ചതുരപ്പുളി	Coromandel Gooseberry, Carambola Apple, Starfruit	Averrhoa Carambola Linn. Oxalidaceae
ചതുരമുല്ല	Chionanthus, Chaturamulla	Myxopyrum Serratulum A.W.Hill Oleaceae
ചന്ദനം	Chandana-White-Sandal-	Santalum Album  Sandalwood
ചന്ദനവേമ്പ്	Red Cedar, Indian Mahogany Tree	Toona Ciliate Roem. , Cedrela Toona Roxb.
ചമ്പകം	Golden or Yellow Champa	Michelia Champaca Linn. Magnoliaceae
ചരളം	Chir pine,  Longleaved pine	Pinus Roxburghi / Longifolia
ചാമ	Little Millet	Panicum Sumatrense Roth Ex. Roem. Et Schult.,
ചാമ്പ	Water cherry, Bell cherry	Zizigium Camini
ചിത്തിരപ്പാല	Asthma Weed, Snake Weed	Euphorbia Hirta Linn. , Pilulifera Euphorbiaceae
ചിർപൈൻ	Lng Leaved Pine	Pinus Longifolia
ചിറ്റരത്ത	Java Glangal	Alpinia Calcarata
ചിറ്റാടലോടകം	Small Malabar nut	Justicia Beddomei (Clarke) Bennet Acanthaceae
ചിറ്റെരിക്ക്	Madder Plant	Calotropis Procera Ait. Asclepiadaceae
ചീനപ്പാവ്, പാവ്	China root, Smilax China	Smilax China Linn., Glabra Liliaceae
ചീനികിഴങ്ങ്	Sweet Potato	Ipomoea Batatas (Linn.) Lam.
ചീരളം	Nyalei, Punniyava	Aglaia Roxburghiana
ചീവക്ക	Shikakkai	Acacia Concinna Dc. Mimosaceae
ചുണ്ട	Egg plant	Solanum Melongena Linn. / Solanum Xanthocarpum
ചുരയ്ക്ക	White Pumpkin, Bottle gourd	Cucurbita Lagrenaria Linn. Cucurbitaceae
ചുവന്നകയൂന്നി	Ayapana Tea	Eupatorium Triplinerve Vahl., Ayapan Compositae
ചുവന്നകൊടുവേലി	Red leadwort	Plumbago Rossea
ചുവന്നമന്ദാരം	Tree orchid, Mountain Ebony	Bauhinia Variegata
ചൂരൽ	Common Rattan palms, Chooral	Calamus Rotang Linn. Palmae
ചെങ്ങഴിനീർക്കൂവ	Indian Crocus, Blackthorn	Kaempferia Rotunda Linn.& K.Longa. Scitaminaceae
ചെഞ്ചല്യം	Sal, Sala tree	Shorea Robusta
ചെണ്ടുമല്ലി, ബന്തി	French Marigold	Tagetus Erecta Linn. Compositae
ചെണ്ടൂരകം	Safflower, Parrot Seed, Wild Saffron	Carthamus Tinctorius Linn. Compositae
ചെത്തി	Jungle Geranium, Sacred Ixora	Ixora Coccinea Linn. Rubiaceae
ചെത്തികൊടുവേലി	Rosy-Flowered Leadwort, Fire Plant	Plumbago Indica Linn., Rosea Linn. Plumbaginaceae
ചെന്നാമുക്കി	India Senna, Tinnevelly Senna	Cassia Angustifolia Wahl., Senna Linn.
ചെമ്പരത്തി	Hibiscus	Rosa Sinensis
ചെമ്പ്ലാവ്	Cork-leaved bayur, Chemplavu	Pterospermum Suberifolium Lam
ചെറിയഞെരിഞ്ഞിൽ	Small Caltrops	Tribulus Terrestris Linn.
ചെറിയമലതാങ്ങി	Velvet Leaf	Cissampelos Pareira Linn. Menispermaceae
ചെറുകടലാടി	Small Prickly Chaff-Flower Plant	Cyathula Prostrata ln, Desmochaeta Prostrata
ചെറുചണ	Flax Plant, Linseed	Linum Usitatissimum Linn. Linaceae
ചെറുനാരകം	Lemon tree, Sour Orange, Seville Orange	Citrus Aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle Rutaceae
ചെറുനാരങ്ങനീര്	Lemon Juice	Citric acid
ചെറുപ്പുള്ളടി	Tick Clover	Desmodium Triflorum (Linn.) Dc. Fabaceae
ചെറുപീര	Goose Foot, Wild Spinach	Chenopodium Album Linn. Chenopodiaceae
ചെറുമരുന്ന്	Indian Berberry, Tree Turmeric	Berberis Aristata
ചെറൂള	Mountain Knotgrasss	Aerva Lanata-Cheroola
ചേന	Elephant foot yam	Amorphophallus Campanulatus Blume
കാച്ചിൽ	Greater Yam, Asiatic Yam	Dioscorea Alata Linn. Dioscoriaceae
ചേനചെടി	Caravalla Seeds, Shona cabbage	Gynandropsis Gynandra Capparidaceae
ചേമ്പ്	Great-Leaved Caladium,  Giant Taro	Alocasia Macrorrhiza, Colocasia Esculenta (Linn.) Aroidaceae
ചേല, കല്ലിത്തി	Indian Laurel, Curtain fig	Ficus Microcarpa Linn.F. Moraceae
ജടാമഞ്ചി	Indian Valerian	Valerian Wallichi Dc. Valerianaceae
ജാതി	Nutmeg	Myristica Fragrans Houtt. Myristicaceae
ജീരകം	Cumin	Cuminum Cyminum Linn. Umbelliferae
ജീവകം	Dubard	Microstylis Wallichii- Root
ഞറ	Garden angelica, Wild celery, Njara, Selinum	Angelica Archengelica Linn., Selinum Tenuifolium
ഞള്ള്, ഞഴുക്	Leea Indica	Sambucina Linn. Leeaceae
ഞാഴൽ	Beauty berry	Callicarpa Macrophylla Vahl. Verbenaceae
ഞാവൽ	Black Plum	Eugenia Jambolana Lam., Syzgium Cumini Linn.
ഞെട്ടാഞൊടി	Country Gooseberry	Physalis Minima Linn. Solanaceae
ഞെരിഞ്ഞിൽ	Puncture Vine, Small Caltrops	Tribulus Terrestris Linn. Zygophyllaceae
ഞൊങ്ങണംപുല്ല്	Slender Carpetweed	Mollugo Cerviana Ser. Ficoidaceae
തക്കാളി	Tomato	Lycopersicum Esculentum Mill.
തക്കോലം	Star Anise Of China	Illicium Verum Hook.F. Magnoliaceae
തകര	Fetid Cassia, Ringworm Plant	Cassia Tora Linn. , Toroides , Fetida, Obtusifol
തണ്ണിമത്തൻ	Watermelon	Citrullus Vulgaris Var. , Cucurbitaceae
തയ്ക്കുമ്പളം	Sweet Melon, Musk Melon	Cucumis Melo Var. Memordica
ത്രികോൽപ്പക്കൊന്ന	Indian Jalap, Turpeth	Ipomoea Turpethum Linn. , Operculina Ipomoea
തവിഴാമ	Heliotrope, Indian Turnsole	Heliotropium Indicum Linn. Boraginaceae
തഴുതാമ	Hogg Weed	Boerhaavia Diffusa Linn. Nyctaginaceae
താന്നി	Beach Almond, Beleric	Belliric Myrobalan Fruit Rind  Terminalia Bellirica
താമര	Sacred Lotus	Nelumbium Speciosum Willd. , Nucifera
താമരതണ്ട്	Pollen Of Lotus	Nelumbo Nucifera
താർതാവൽ	Shaggy Button-weed	Spermacoce Hispida Linn. , Borreria Hispida K.Schum.
താലനീലി	Arrow-leaf Morning Glory	Paederia Foetida Linn. Rubiaceae
താലീസപത്രം	Himalayan Silver Fir	Abies Webbiana Lindl. , Spectabilis G. Don.
തിണ്ടികവൃക്ഷം	Small Flowered Poison Sumac	Rhus Parviflora Roxb. Anacardiaceae
തിന	Foxtail Millet, Italian Millet	Setaria Italica Beauv. Gramineae
തിപ്പലി	Pippali  Long Pepper Fruit	Piper Longum
തിരുതാളി	Heart leaf glory	Ipomoea Sepiaria Roxb. , Acut.Non (Linn.F.)
തുമ്പ	Thumbe	Leucas Cephalotus Spreng. Aspera Link Labiatae
തുളസി	Holy Basil, Tulsi	Ocimum Sanctum Linn. Labiatae
തുവര	Pigeon Pea	Cajanus Cajan Mills,  Papilionaceae
തൃകൊൽപ്പകൊന്ന	St. Thomas lid pod, turpeth	Operculina Turpethum
തൃവിത്	Indian trueperth	Ipomoea Turpethum
തെങ്ങ്	Coconut palm, Asphalt	Nelumbo Nucifera /Asphaltum
തെരുവ	Palmarosa -Gingergrass	Cymbopogan Martini
തെരുവപ്പുല്ല്	Rosha Grass, Rusa Grass	Cymbopogon Martinii Wats
തേക്ക്	Teak	Tectona Grandis Linn. F. Verbenaceae
തേങ്ങ	Mineral Pitch, Asphalt	Asphaltum
തേയില	Tea Plant	Camellia Sinensis O. Kuntze,
തേറ്റാമ്പരൽ	Clearing Nut	Strychnos Potatorum Loganiaceae
തൈലപ്പുല്ല്	Lemon Grass	Andropogon Citratus Dc. , Cymbopogon Citratus Stapf
തൊട്ടാവാടി	Sensitive Plant	Mimosa Pudica Linn. Leguminosae
തൊണ്ടി	Hairy Fig, devil fig	Ficus Hispida
ദന്തപ്പാല	Pale Indigo Plant, Sweet Indrajao	Wrightia Tinctoria (Roxb.)R.Br. Apocynaceae
ദർഭ	Sacrificial Grass	Desmostachya Bipinnata Staff
ദേവദാരം	Himalayan Cedar	Cedrus Deodara
ധന്വയാസം	Khorasan Thorn	Fagonia Cretica, Arabica Linn. Zygophyllaceae
നനകിഴങ്ങ്	Yam, Lesser Yam	Dioscorea Esculenta Dioscoriaceae
നന്ദ്യാർവട്ടം	Indian Rosebay, Pinwheel flower	Tabernaemontana Divaricata R.Br.Ex Roem. & S
നർദിൻ	Indian Spikenard, Musk Root	Nardostachys Jatamamsi Dc
നറുനീണ്ടി	Indian Sarsaparila	Hemidesmus Indicus
നറുവരി	Indian cherry, Clammy cherry	Cordia Dichotoma
നാഗകേസരം	Cylon ironwood	Mesua Ferrea Stamen
നാഗദന്തി	Wild Castor, Red Physic Nut-	Baliospermum Montanum Muell. Arg. , Axillare
നാഗപുഷ്പം	Iron Wood Tree, Cobra’s Saffron	Mesua Ferrea Linn., Nagassarium-Guttiferae
നാഗപൂ	Alexandrian Laurel	Ochrocarpus Longifolius Benth. & Hook. F. Guttiferae
നാഗബല	Gulsakri, Nagabala	Grewia Hirsuta Vahl Tiliaceae
നാഗമുല്ല	Snake Jasmine, Dainty Spurs	Rhinacanthus Communis
നായ്ക്കുരണ	CowPlant, Cowhage	Mucuna Pruriens Dc.,  Dolicos Pruriens
നാരങ്ങ	Indian Lemon	Citrus Limonum Burm. Or Sp. Risso. Rutaceae
നാലിലകീര	Four-leaf clover, Pepperwort	Marselia Minuta Marsiliaceae
നാലുമണിചെടി	Four O’clock Flower	Mirabilis Jalapa Linn. Nyctaginaceae
നിർവാസി	Nirbishi	Delphinium Denudatum Wall. Ex Hook
നിലംതെങ്ങ്	Little tree plant, Biophytum	Biophytum Candolleanum
നിലക്കടല	Peanut, Ground Nut, Monkey Nut	Arachis Hypogaea Linn. Fabaceae
നിലനാരകം	Goanese Ipecacuanha	Naregamla Alata W&A. Meliaceae
നിലപ്പന	Black Musale, Golden eye-grass	Curculigo Orchioides Gaertn. Amaryllidaceae
നിലമ്പരണ്ട	Tick Clover	Desmodium Triflorum (Linn.) Dc. Fabaceae
നിലവാക	India Senna, Tinnevelly Senna	Cassia Angustifolia Wahl., Senna Linn.
നീരാരൽ	Uttanjan	Blepharis Edulis Pers. Acanthaceae
നീർതൊട്ടാവാടി	Sensitive Water Plant	Neptunia Oleracea Lour. Mimosaceae
നീർമരുത്‌	Arjuna Myrobalan	Terminalia Arjuna Wight. & Am. Combretaceae
നീർമാതളം	Three-Leaved Caper	Crataeva Nurvala , Religiosa
നീലഅമരി	Indigo plant	Indigofera Aspalathoides Vahl. Papilionaceae
നീലക്കീര	Pigweed, little hogweed	Portulaca Quadrifida Linn.
നീലക്കൊടുവേലി	Blue leadwort, Cape leadwort	Plumbago auriculata
നീലകൂവ	Curcuma Starch, Indian Arrowroot	Curcuma Angustifolia Roxb. Scitaminaceae
നീലയമരി	True Indigo, Indian Indigo	Indigofera Tinctoria Linn. Papilionaceae
നെന്മേനിവാക	Sirissa Tree,  woman’s tongues tree	Acacia Speciosa Linn./ Albizia lebbeck
നെയ്യുണ്ണി	Creeping Cucumber, Diversely-leaved melothria	Solena Amplexicaulis
നെല്ല്	Paddy	Oryza Sativa Linn. , Plena Chowdhury Poaceae
നെല്ലി	Indian Goose Berry	Emblica Officinalis
നെല്ലിക്ക	Amla Indian Goose Berry	Emblica Officinalis
പച്ചമഞ്ഞൾ	Wet Turmeric	Turmeric-Curcuma Longa
പച്ചോറ്റി	Lodh tree, Parala, Kamblivetti	Symplocos Cochinchinensis
പതിമുകം	Brazil Wood	Caesalpinia Sappan Linn. Caesalpiniaceae
പഞ്ഞപ്പുല്ല്	Finger Millet, Indian Millet	Eleusine Coracana (Linn.) Gaertn.
പടവലം	Snake Cucumber	Utilissimus (Roxb.) Cucurbitaceae
പതിമുകം	Sappan Wood	Caesalpina Sappan
പനച്ചി	Gaub Tree, Ebony	Diospyros Tomentosa Roxb. Ebenaceae
പന്നൽചെടി	Black maiden hair, fern	Adiantum Lunulatum
പന്നികിഴങ്ങു	Vrddhi	Habenaria Intermedia D.Don Orchidaceae
പനിക്കൂർക്ക	Country Borage, Indian Borage	Coleus Amboinicus Benth., Plectranthus
പനികൂർക്ക	Thick-Leaved Lavender	Anisochilus Carnosus Wall. Labiatae
പയസ്വിനി	Dandelion, Blow Ball	Taraxacum Officinalis Weber Euphorbiaceae
പര്‍പ്പടകം	Two-Flowered Indian Madder	Oldenlandia Corymbosa Linn. , Biflora, Herbacea
പരുത്തി	Indian Tree Cotton	Gossypium Arboreum Linn. Malvaceae
പരുവമരം	Siamese Rough-Bush	Streblus Asper Linn. Urticaceae,   Moraceae
പർപടകം	Common Fumitory	Fumaria Indica Pungsley, Parviflora, Vaillantii
പറങ്കിമാവ്	Chashew Nut tree	Anacardium Occidententale
പലകപ്പയ്യാനി	Bone Setter	Vitis Quandrangularis Linn. , Wall. Vitaceae
പ്ലാശ്	Bastard Teak, Flame of the forest	Butea Monosperma Kuntze Frondosa
പഴുതാരക്കാലി	Tapeworm Plant, Ribbon bush	Muehlenbeckia Platy Clados
പസളി	Indian Spinach, Malabar Nightshade	Basella Alba Linn. Chenopodiaceae
പാടത്താളി	Buckler-leaved moon	Cyclea Peltata (Lam) Hook.F.& Thomas.
പാണൽ	Ash Sheora, Orange berry or Gin berry	Glycosmis Arborea (Roxb.) Dc. Rutaceae
പായൽ	Duckweed, Vallisnaria, Soft hornwort	Serratophyllum Submersom Lemanaceae
പാരിജാതം	Night Jasmine, Coral Jasmine	Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis Linn. Oleaceae
പാൽമുതക്ക്	Giant Potato, Wild Yam	Ipomoea Mauritiana Jacq., Paniculata R. Br.
പാവ്	China Root	Smilax China Linn., Glabra Liliaceae
പാവൽ	Bitter Gourd, Carilla Fruit	Momordica Charantia Linn. Cucurbitaceae
പാഷൻ ഫ്രൂട്ട്	Passion Flower	Passiflora Incarnata Passifloraceae
പിച്ചി	Royal jasmine, Spanish Jasmine	Jasminum Grandiflorum Linn. Oleaceae
പിനാർ	Sap trees	Garcinia Xanthochymus Hook. Guttiferae
പിയർ	Pear	Pyrus Communis Linn. Rosaceae
പിലു	Tooth brush tree, Vaan, Peelu	Salvadora Oleoides Dene. Salvadoraceae
പീച്ച്	Peach	Prunus Persica Stokes Rosaceae
പീച്ചിൽ	Ridged gourd, Sponge gourd	Luffa Amara Roxb. , Plucketiana, Foetida
പീചിലിങ്ങ	Wash Sponge, Sponge Gourd, Vegetable Sponge	Luffa Cylindrica Linn. Cucurbitaceae
പീരപെട്ടിക്ക	Bitter cucumber, Desert gourd	Citrullus Colocynthis
പുകയില	Tobacco	Nicotiana Tabacum Linn. Solanaceae
പുട്ടിൽപീര	Bristly Luffa	Luffa Echinata Roxb. Cucurbitaceae
പുണ്യാവ	Wild Himalayan Cherry	Prunus Cerasoides- Prunus Mahalab
പുതിന	Spearmint	Mentha Spicia (Spicate), Viridis, Sylvestris Linn.
പുതിന	Peppermint	Mentha Piperita Linn. Labiatae
പുന്നാകം	Alexandrian Laurel	Ochrocarpus Longifolius Benth. & Hook. F. Guttiferae
പുലതാലി	Poison Bulb, Giant Crinum Lily	Crinum Asiaticum Linn. Amaryllidaceae
പുല്ലാഞ്ഞി	Paper flower climber, Ukshi	Calycopteris Floribunda Lamk. Combretaceae
പുളിഇല	Veins Of Tamarind Leaves	Tamarindus Indicus
പുളിഞ്ചിക്കായ്	Gamboge	Garcinia Morella
പുളിയാറില	Indian Sorrel	Oxalis Corniculata Linn. Geraniaceae
പുളിവാക	Black Siris	Albizzia Odoratissima (Linn. F.) Benth. Mimosaceae
പുഷ്കരമൂലാ	Pushkar	Inula Racemosa Hook.F. Asteraceae
പൂച്ചക്കുരു	Job’s Tear	Coix Lacryma-Jobi Linn. , L. Lacryma Linn.
പൂവരശ്ശ്	Portia Tree, Indian tulip tree	Thespesia Populnea
പൂവാംകുറുന്തൽ	Iron weed, Ash-Colored Fleabane	Vernonia Cineria Less. Compositae
പെരികിലം	Hill glory bower	Clerodendrum Infortunatum Linn., Viscosum Vent.
പെരുംകുരുമ്പ	Rajmahal hemb	Marsdenia Tenacissima Wight. & Am.
പെരുംജീരകം	Fennel	Foeniculum Vulgare Mill., Anethum Foeniculum Linn.
പെരുംതുമ്പ, കരിന്തുമ്പ	Malabar Catmint	Anisomeles Malabarica
പെരുമരം-ലക്ഷ്മിതരു	Tree of heaven, Lakshmi tharu	Ailantus Excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae
പേക്കുമ്മട്ടി	Colocynth (Root)	Citrullus Colocynthis
പേരാൽ	Indian banyan	Ficus Bengalensis
പേരേലം	Greater Cardamom	Amomum Subulatum Roxb. Scitaminaceae
പേഴ്	Wild Guava, Slow match tree	Careya Arborea Roxb. Myrtaceae,
പൈൻ	Chir pine, Longleaved pine	Pinus Roxburghi / Longifolia
പൊങ്ങലം	Lucky Bean Tree	Putranjiva Roxburghii
പൊങ്ങില്യം-ലക്ഷ്മിതരു	Tree of heaven	Ailantus Excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae
പൊട്ടക്കാവളം	Peon, Poon Tree, Wild Indian Almond	Sterculia Foetida Linn. Sterculiaceae
പൊൻ‌കൊരണ്ടി	Salaretin	Salacia Reticulata Wight
പൊന്നങ്ങാണി	Sessile joyweed	Alternanthera Sessilis R. Br. Ex Dc.
പൊള്ള	Levant Berries, Fish Berries	Anamirta Cocculus W & A. Menispermaceae
പോന്നാരവീരം	Negro Coffee	Cassia Occidentalis Linn. Caesalpiniaceae
പോപ്പി	Opium, White Poppy	Papaver Somniferum Linn. Papaveraceae
ബദാം	Almond	Amygdalus Commonis Linn
ബ്രഹ്മി	Thyme-Leaved Gratiola	Bacopa, Herpestis Monnieri Pennell Scrophulariaceae
ബ്ലീഡിംഗ് ഹാർട്ട്	Bleeding-heart	Clerondendrum Serratum- Spreng. Verbenaceae
ബാർലി	Kshara of Barley	Hordeum Vulgare
ബീട്രൂട്ട്	Beetroot	Beta Vulgaris Linn. Chenopodiaceae
ബെന്നിചെടി	Blood-Veined Sage	Salvia Haematodes W. Labiatae
ബെല്ലഡോണ	Deadly Nightshade	Atropa Belladonna Linn. Solanaceae
മക്കി, ഇരവി	Gamboge	Garcinia Morella
മക്കിപൂവ്	Indian Wormwood, Fleabane, Mugwort	Artemisia Vulgaris Linn., Nilagirica Pamp.
മങ്ങോസ്ടിൻ	Indian Rhubarb	Garcinia Pedunculata Roxb.
മങ്ങോസ്ടിൻ	Purple Mongosteen	Garcinia Pedunculata
മഞ്ചട്ടി	Indian Madder	Rubia Cordifoia Linn
മഞ്ഞക്കടമ്പ്	Adina	Haldina Cordifolia Roxb. Rubiaceae
മഞ്ഞകരിംകണ്ണി	Chinese Wedelia	Wedelia Chinensis Merrill, Calendulacea Less.
മഞ്ഞട്ടി	Indian Madder	Rubia Cordifolia Linn. Rubiaceae
മഞ്ഞപ്പരുതി	Yellow-Flowered Cotton Tree	Gossypium Dc. Cochlospermaceae
മഞ്ഞമന്ദാരം	Phalg, Yellow orchid tree	Bauhinia Tomentosa Linn.
മഞ്ഞമുല്ല	Yellow jasmine	Jasminum Humile Linn., Chrysanthemum Roxb.
മഞ്ഞൾ	Turmeric	Curcuma Longa
മണൽകീര	Sand Herbage	Gisekia Pharnaceoides Linn. Ficoidaceae
മണല്കീര	Indian Parselane, pigweed, little hogweed	Portulaca Oleraceae Linn. Portulacaceae
മണിപ്ലാന്റ്റ്	Devil’s ivy, golden pothos	Rhaphidophora Laciniata (Burm.F.) Merr.
മത്തൻ	Red Gourd	Cucurbita Maxima Duchesne. Cucurbitaceae
മത്തിപുളി	Brown Indian Hemp	Hibiscus Cannabinus Linn. Malvaceae
മധുര കിഴങ്ങ്	Sweet Potato	Ipomoea Batatas (Linn.) Lam.
മധുരനാരങ്ങ	True Sweet Lime	Citrus Limetta W&A.
മയിൽപീലി	Peacock’s Tail	Actinopteris Dichotoma Bedd. Polypodiaceae
മരപ്പയാൽ	Stone Flower	Parmelia Perlata (Huds.) Ach. Lichenes
മരപ്പായൽ	Rock fungie	Parmelia Perlata
മരമഞ്ഞൾ	Black Sandalwood, Tree Turmeric	Coscinium Fenestratum Gaertn. & Colebr.
മരമഞ്ഞൾ	Indian Barberry	Berberis Aristata
മരമുല്ല	Orange Jasmine	Murraya paniculata
മരോട്ടി	Jangli Almond, Marothi Tree	Hydnocarpus Laurifolia Sleumer, Wightiana Blume.
മലഇഞ്ചി	Java Glangal	Alpinia Galanga Willd. , Calcarata Scitaminaceae
മലതാങ്ങി	Velvet Leaf, Parrot Root,  Moonseed	Cocculus Hirsutus (Linn.) Diels
മലതാങ്ങി	Cyclea Peltata, velvet leaf	Cissampelos Pariera , Cissampelos Pariera
മലമന്ദാരം	Mountain Ebony	Bauhinia Racemosa oxb. Leguminosae
മലമ്പാവട്ട	Wild Cowry Fruit	Casearia Esculanta Roxb. Samydaceae
മലമ്പുന്ന	Chalta	Dillenia Indica Linn. Dillenisceae
മല്ലി	Cilantro Leaf	Coriandrum Sativum Linn. Umbelliferae
മല്ലിഇല	Celery leaf-Cilantro leaf	Apium Graveolens,
മൾബറി	White Mulberry	Morus Alba Linn. Urticaceae
മഴുക്കാഞ്ഞിരം	Axlewood	Anogeissus Latifolia Wall.
മാങ്ങ	Mango, Spring Tree, Cupid’s Favorite	Mangifera Indica Linn. Anacardiaceae
മാതളനാരകം	Pomegranate	Punica Granatam Linn. Punicaceae
മുക്കാപീരം	Rough Bryony	Mukia Maderaspatana (Linn.) Roem.
മുക്കുറ്റി	Ground palm	Biophytum Sensitivum Dc. Geraniaceae
മുഞ്ഞ	Arani	Premna Integrifolia Linn. , Obtusifolia Verbenaceae
മുത്തങ്ങ	Chufa, Tiger Nut, Rush Nut, Musta  Nut Grass	Cyperus Esculentus Linn. Cyperaceae
മുത്തങ്ങ	white water sedge, Bulrush, deergrass	Kyllinga Nemoralis Dandy. Ex Hutch , Monocephala
മുതിര	Horse Gram	Dolichos Biflorus Linn. , Vigna Unquiculata
മുതുക്ക്	Indian Kudzu	Pueraria Tuberosa Leguminosae
മുന്തിരി	Grapes	Vitis Vinifera Linn. Vitaceae
മുയൽ  ചെവിയൻ	lilac tasselflower	Emilia Sonchifolia (Linn.) Dc. Asteraceae
മുരിക്ക്‌	Indian Coral Tree, Moochy Wood Tree	Erythrina Indica Lam. Papilionaceae
മുരിങ്ങ	Horse Radish, Drumstick Plant	Moringa Oleifera Lam., Pterygosperma Gaertn.
മുരുത്തോൻ	Peon, Poon Tree, Wild Indian Almond	Sterculia Foetida Linn. Sterculiaceae
മുല്ല	Tree Jasmine	Jasminum Arborescens Roxb. Oleaceae
മുള, ഇല്ലി	Reed	Arundo Donax Linn. Gramineae
മുള്ള്ഇലവ്	Red Silk-Cotton(Elavu)	Salmalia Malabarica, Bombax Malabaricum
മുള്ളൻ കുറുംതോട്ടി	Prickly Sida	Sida Spinosa Linn., Alba, Alinifolia Malvaceae
മുള്ളൻപാവൽ	Gac	Momordica Cochinchinensis Spreng. Cucurbitaceae
മുള്ളന്ചീര	Prickly Amaranth, Joseph’s-coat	Amarantus Spinosus Amarantaceae
മൂങ്ങാപേഴ്	Cuddapa Almond, Charoli	Buchanania Lanzan Spreng. , Latifolia
മൂടില്ലതാളി	Dodder	Cuscuta Reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae
മെയ്സ്	Corn, Indian Corn, Maize	Zea Mays Linn. Poaceae
മേച്ചിൽപുല്ലു	Roofing grass	Saccharum Munja Roxb. Gramineae
മേചിൽപ്പുല്ല്	Breadgrass	Andropogon Iwarancusa
മേന്തോന്നി	Wolf’s Bane, Glory Lily, Flame lilly	Gloriosa Superba Linn. Liliaceae
മൈലാഞ്ചി	Henna,  Persian Red, Egyptian Priven	Lawsonia Alba Lam., Inermis Linn. Lythraceae
മോതിരക്കണ്ണി	Climbing Flax	Hugonia Mystax Linn. Linaceae
യൂക്കാലി	Blue Gum Eucalyptus, Australian Fever Tree	Eucalyptus Globulus Labill. Myrtaceae
രക്തചന്ദനം	Red sandal	Pterocarpus Santalinus
രാമച്ചം	Beard grass, Bluestem grass	Andropogon Muricatus
രാമച്ചം	Khaskhas Grass, Vetiveria	Vetiveria Zizanioides Nash Gramineae
രുദ്രാക്ഷം	Utrasum-Bead Tree	Elaeocarpus Sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.
റാഗി	Finger Millet, Indian Millet	Eleusine Coracana (Linn.) Gaertn.
റാഡിഷ്	Radish	Raphanus Sativus Linn. Cruciferae
റോസ	Rose, Cabbage Rose, Pale Rose	Rosa Centifolia Linn. Rosaceae
ലിച്ചി	Lychee	Litchi Chinensis
ളൂയിക്ക	Governor’s Plum	Flacourtia Ramoutchi Fam., Indica Merr.
വഞ്ചിമരം	Indian Willow	Salix Tetrasperma Roxb. Salicaceae
വട്ടവള്ളി	Velvet Leaf	Cissampelos Pareira Linn. Menispermaceae
വൻകടലാടി	Apamarga	Achyarnthes Aspera
വൻപയർ	Cowpea	Vigna Unguiculata / Cylindrica Papilionaceae,
വന്കടലാടി	Pasture weed	Cyathula Prostrata
വന്നിമരം	Sponge Tree	Prosopis Specigera Linn. Mimosaceae
വയമ്പ്	Sweet Flag, Calamus	Acorus Calamus
വയൽച്ചുള്ളി	Hygrophila (Root)	Asteracantha Longifolia
വയൽമുത്തങ്ങ	Bush onion	Cyperus Bulbosus, Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis
വയല്ച്ചുള്ളി	Hygrophila	Hygrophila (Root)- Asteracantha Longifolia
വലിയകച്ചോലം	Spiked Ginger Lily	Hedychium Spicatum Ham. Scitaminaceae
വലിയകടലാടി	Prickly Chaff Flower	Achyranthes Aspera Linn. Amaranthaceae
വലിയകുറുംതോട്ടി	Indian Country mallow	Pavonia Indica
വലിയഞെരിഞ്ഞിൽ	Large caltrops	Pedalium Murex Linn. Pedaliaceae
വലിയനറുവരി	Sebesten Plum	Cordia Wallichii ., Latifolia Roxb. Boraginaceae
വള്ളിചീര	Indian Spinach  Malabar Nightshade	Basella Alba Linn. Chenopodiaceae
വളളിചൊറിയണം	Indian Stinging Nettle	Tragia Involucrata, Cannabina Linn.
വള്ളിപ്പാല	Vomiting Swallow Wort, Indian Ipecac	Asclepias Asthmatica , Tylophora Asthmatica
വഴന	Malabar leaf, Indian bark.	Cinnamomum Tamala Nees & Eberm. Lauraceae
വഴുതന	Brinjal	Solanum melangona
വഷളചീര	Indian Spinach	Basella Rubra Linn. Chenopodiaceae
വാതംകൊല്ലി	willow-leaved justicia	Justicia Gendarussa Burm.F.
വാതക്കൊടി	Naravelia	Naravelia Zeylanica (Linn.) Dc.
വാതകൊടി	Fox-Grape	Cayratia Carnosa Gagnep., Vitis Carnosa Linn.
വാൽമുളക്	Java Pepper	Piper Cubeba
വാൽമുളക്	Pepper, Indian Long pepper	Piper Longum Linn. Piperaceae
വാല്മുളക്	Tailed pepper	Cubeba Officinalis
വാളൻപുളി	Tamarind	Tamarindus Indica Linn. Leguminosae
വാളരിപ്പയർ	Sword Bean, Broad Bean	Canavalia Gladiata Dc., Censiformis Sensu Baker
വാഴ	Banana Tree	Musa Paradisiaca
വാഴചെടി	Brown Peacock	Roscoea Purpurea Royle. , Prucera Wall.
വാഴപഴം	Plantain, Banana	Musa Paradisiaca Linn. , Sapientum
വാസ്തുചീര	Goose Foot, Wild Spinach	Chenopodium Album Linn. Chenopodiaceae
വിളാങ്കായ്	Elephant Apple	Feronia Limonia, Limonia Acidissima Linn.
വിളാവ്	Wood Apple	Feronia Limonia, Limonia Acidissima Linn.
വിഴാൽ	Embilia, False Black Pepper	Embelia Ribes Burm. Myrsinaceae
വിഷ്ണുക്രാന്തി	Dankuni Plant, Slender Dwarf Morning Glory	Evolvulus Alsinoides Linn. Convolvulaceae
വെട്ടുപാല	Pale Indigo Plant, Sweet Indrajao	Wrightia Tinctoria (Roxb.)R.Br. Apocynaceae
വെടതല	Sicklebush, Bell mimosa, Chinese lantern tree	Dichrostachys Cinerea (Linn), Mimosa Cinerea
വെണ്ട	Okra, ladies fingure	Hibiscus Esculentus Linn.
വെരുകുംപുഴു	Civet	Fragrant Animal Excretion
വെറ്റില	Beetal leaf	Piper Betle Linn
വെറ്റിലകൊടി	Betel, Betel Leaf, Betel Pepper	Piper Betel Linn. Piperaceae
വെള്ളഎരുക്ക്	Mudar Bowstring Hemp	Gigantic Swallow Wort-Calotropis
വെള്ളക്കടുക്	White Mustard	Brassica Alba Rabehn. Cruciferae
വെള്ളക്കരിങ്ങാലി	White Cutch Tree, White Catech	Acacia Polyantha Will. Mimosaceae
വെള്ളകുറുംതോട്ടി	Hribera	Pavonia Odorata
വെള്ളകൊടുവേലി	White Lead Wort , Doctorbush	Plumbago Zeylanica
വെള്ളനൊച്ചി	Chaste Tree, Chaste berry	Vitex Agnus-Castus Verbenaceae
വെള്ളപ്പാതിരി	Indian trumpet, Broken born	Oroxylum Indicum
വെള്ളപ്പൈൻ	Indian Koppel tree, White dammar	Vateria Indica
വെള്ളമഞ്ഞൾ	Mango-Ginger,  White Turmeric	Curcuma Amada Roxb./  Curcuma Zedoaria
വെള്ളമരുത്	Flowering Murdah	Terminalia Paniculata Roth Combretaceae
വെള്ളമുസലി	White Musli	Chlorophytum Tuberosum Baker Liliaceae
വെള്ളരി	Cucumber	Cucumis Sativus Linn. Cucurbitaceae
വെള്ളവേലം	Cassia Flower, Sponge Tree	Acacia Leucophloea, Farnesiana Willd. Fabaceae,
വെള്ളിലം	Wild mussaenda, Dhobe tree	Mussaendra Frondosa Linn. , Flavescens Rubiaceae
വെള്ളൂരം	Flannel weed	Sida Cordata Borssum, Veronicaefolia Lam.
വെളുത്തുള്ളി	Garlic	Allum Sativum Linn. Liliaceae
വേങ്ങ	Indian Kino Malabar Kino	Pterocarpus Marsupium
വേനൽപച്ച	White weed, Appa Grass	Ageratum Conyzoides Linn. Asteraceae
വേപ്പ്	Indian Lilac, Margosa Tree	Azidiracta Indica A Juss. Meliaceae
വേലിപ്പരത്തി	Pergularia	Pergularia Daemia Chiov.
ശങ്കുപുശ്പം	Clitoris flower	Clitoria Ternatea
ശങ്ങപുഷ്പി	Canscora, Winged-Stem Canscora	Canscora Decussata Roem. Et. Sch. Gentianaceae
ശങുപുഷ്പം	Butterfly Pea, Clitoria	Clitoria Ternatea Linn. Papilionaceae , Fabaceae
ശതാവരി	Asparagus Root	Asparagus Racemosus Willd. Liliaceae
ശവക്കോട്ടപച്ച	Madagascar Periwinkle	Catharanthus Roseus G.Don. , Vinca Rosea Linn.
ശിംശപ	Indian Rosewood, Eetty	Dalbergia Sissoo
ശിവമുല്ല	Snake Jasmine, Dainty Spurs	Rhinacanthus Communis
ശീമനെല്ലി	Indian plum, coffee plum	Flacourtia Jangomas Flacourtiaceae
സബോള	Bulb onion, Common onion	Allium Cepa
സർപ്പഗന്ധി	Sarpagandha	Rauvolfia Serpentina.
സർപ്പപോള	Devil’s tongue, Bowstring hemp	Sansevieria Zeylanica, Roxburghiana Schult.
സവാള	Onion	Allum cepa
സാമുദ്രപ്പച്ച	Elephant Creeper, Woolly Morning Glory	Argyreia Speciosa Sweet, Nervosa Boj. ,
സിങ്കോണ	Quinine Bark, Peruvian Bark	Cinchona Officinalis Linn. Rubiaceae
സീതപ്പഴം	Custard Apple, Sugar Apple	Annona Squamosa Linn. Annonaceae
സൂചിമുല്ല	Needle Flower Jasmine	Jasmin Auriculata Vahl. Oleaceae
സൂര്യകാന്തി	Sunflower	Helianthus Annuus Linn. Asteraceae
സോപ്പുകുരുമരം	Indian Filbert, Soapnut Tree	Sapindus Trifoliatus Linn., Laurifolia Vahl
സോമലത	Ephedra,  Joint-pine, Mormon-tea	Ephedra Vulgaris Rich. , Gerardiana Ephedraceae
സോമവല്ലി	Mood Plant, Moon Creeper	Sarcostemma Acidum Voigt, Brevistigma W&A.
ഹരന്ദി	Chamror	Ehretia Laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae